The ZdravResource expert group has published an analysis of the HIV epidemiological situation in Russia based on the results of 2025. According to data from the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, more than 1.23 million people in Russia were living with a laboratory-confirmed HIV diagnosis at the end of 2025. At the same time, the number of newly diagnosed cases continued to decline: 45,638 new cases were registered in 2025, 13.4% fewer than in the previous year.
At the same time, the epidemiological situation remains uneven across the country. In 36 regions, the HIV incidence rate was above the national average, while 15 regions recorded an increase compared with the previous period. The highest incidence rates were concentrated primarily in regions of Siberia, the Urals, the Volga Federal District and the Russian Far East. In the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the incidence reached 116.82 cases per 100,000 population — almost four times the national level cited in the analysis.
The age and transmission profile of newly diagnosed cases also indicates that HIV infection can no longer be viewed as a disease affecting only specific “high-risk groups.” Around 67% of people newly diagnosed with HIV in 2025 were aged between 30 and 49. According to the ZdravResource analysis, more than 82% of new cases were associated with heterosexual contact, while men accounted for around 60% of newly diagnosed patients. These figures underline the continued importance of HIV prevention across the general population, particularly among people of working age.
At the same time, a significant gap remains between the number of people with a confirmed HIV diagnosis and those receiving ongoing medical care. In 2025, 882,380 people were registered for regular medical follow-up, while 807,660 were receiving antiretroviral therapy. A suppressed viral load was recorded in 629,185 patients. Experts estimate that around 350,000 people with a confirmed HIV diagnosis were not receiving the necessary medical care within the system of regular monitoring and treatment.
The experts also highlight differences between epidemiological surveillance data collected by Rospotrebnadzor and medical records maintained by the Ministry of Health. According to the authors of the analysis, the two statistical systems capture different stages of a person’s interaction with the healthcare system: a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis does not always result in subsequent registration for regular medical follow-up. This presents an additional challenge for the healthcare system — not only to identify new HIV infections, but also to ensure that diagnosed patients are subsequently connected to medical care and treatment.
The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy remains another important indicator. According to the analysis, 91.5% of patients registered for medical follow-up were receiving treatment in 2025. However, when measured against the total number of people living with HIV, treatment coverage stood at 65.6%. Viral suppression was achieved in 51.1% of all people with a confirmed HIV diagnosis. The authors note that expanding treatment coverage and strengthening long-term medical follow-up remain key priorities for further reducing the spread and impact of HIV infection.
Overall, the 2025 data point to a mixed picture of the HIV epidemic in Russia. On the one hand, the number of newly diagnosed cases is declining; on the other, more than one million people continue to live with a confirmed HIV diagnosis, while a substantial proportion remain outside the system of regular medical monitoring and treatment. According to ZdravResource experts, strengthening prevention, early diagnosis and continuity of care will remain essential to effective HIV control in Russia.
Full text:
https://zdravresource.ru/analitycs/epidemiologiya-vich-v-rossii-v-2025-godu/#_ftn1
At the same time, the epidemiological situation remains uneven across the country. In 36 regions, the HIV incidence rate was above the national average, while 15 regions recorded an increase compared with the previous period. The highest incidence rates were concentrated primarily in regions of Siberia, the Urals, the Volga Federal District and the Russian Far East. In the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the incidence reached 116.82 cases per 100,000 population — almost four times the national level cited in the analysis.
The age and transmission profile of newly diagnosed cases also indicates that HIV infection can no longer be viewed as a disease affecting only specific “high-risk groups.” Around 67% of people newly diagnosed with HIV in 2025 were aged between 30 and 49. According to the ZdravResource analysis, more than 82% of new cases were associated with heterosexual contact, while men accounted for around 60% of newly diagnosed patients. These figures underline the continued importance of HIV prevention across the general population, particularly among people of working age.
At the same time, a significant gap remains between the number of people with a confirmed HIV diagnosis and those receiving ongoing medical care. In 2025, 882,380 people were registered for regular medical follow-up, while 807,660 were receiving antiretroviral therapy. A suppressed viral load was recorded in 629,185 patients. Experts estimate that around 350,000 people with a confirmed HIV diagnosis were not receiving the necessary medical care within the system of regular monitoring and treatment.
The experts also highlight differences between epidemiological surveillance data collected by Rospotrebnadzor and medical records maintained by the Ministry of Health. According to the authors of the analysis, the two statistical systems capture different stages of a person’s interaction with the healthcare system: a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis does not always result in subsequent registration for regular medical follow-up. This presents an additional challenge for the healthcare system — not only to identify new HIV infections, but also to ensure that diagnosed patients are subsequently connected to medical care and treatment.
The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy remains another important indicator. According to the analysis, 91.5% of patients registered for medical follow-up were receiving treatment in 2025. However, when measured against the total number of people living with HIV, treatment coverage stood at 65.6%. Viral suppression was achieved in 51.1% of all people with a confirmed HIV diagnosis. The authors note that expanding treatment coverage and strengthening long-term medical follow-up remain key priorities for further reducing the spread and impact of HIV infection.
Overall, the 2025 data point to a mixed picture of the HIV epidemic in Russia. On the one hand, the number of newly diagnosed cases is declining; on the other, more than one million people continue to live with a confirmed HIV diagnosis, while a substantial proportion remain outside the system of regular medical monitoring and treatment. According to ZdravResource experts, strengthening prevention, early diagnosis and continuity of care will remain essential to effective HIV control in Russia.
Full text:
https://zdravresource.ru/analitycs/epidemiologiya-vich-v-rossii-v-2025-godu/#_ftn1